Evaluation and Management of Patients with Noncardiac Chest Pain

Evaluation and Management of Patients with Noncardiac Chest Pain

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Tea Cosy Up to a third of patients undergoing coronary angiography for angina-like chest pain are found to have normal coronary arteries and a substantial proportion of these individuals continue to consult and even attend emergency departments.Initially, these patients are usually seen by cardiologists but with accumulating evidence that the pain might have a gastrointestinal origin, it may be more appropriate for them to be cared for by the gastroenterologist once a cardiological cause has been excluded.This review covers the assessment and management of this challenging condition, which includes a combination of education, reassurance, and ROYAL JELLY HONEY pharmacotherapy.

For the more refractory cases, behavioral treatments, such as cognitive behavioral therapy or hypnotherapy, may have to be considered.